Increasing or maintaining the oxygen saturation level in water, whether in a natural or artificial environment, can inhibit or prevent algal blooms. This process is called aeration.
In aeration, an oxygen-rich air mixture is pumped into the aeration tank to encourage bacterial activity in the wastewater and to encourage the bacteria to break down organic material. Dissolved oxygen/biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/pH/total suspended solids/nitrogen gas are some parameters that will be monitored by sensors and probes here. The BOD level is used to ascertain that the bacteria have digested enough of the organic material.
One of the most common forms of aeration that people will see is fountains. They spray the water into the air, disturbing the surface of the water when the water lands again. A waterfall can also achieve this goal in a natural setting.
In commercial settings, they tend to be found as floating surface and paddlewheel aerators. There are also subsurface aerators that aspirate air and bubbles through the water.